Some conclusions of the study:
- Hub-and-spoke carriers tend to have a smaller level of propagation than point-to point and low-cost carriers because they have a higher ability to absorb delay during the ground phases. 

- The sequences of reactionary delays starting in the morning have a higher impact and magnitude than the ones starting in the afternoon as they propagate on average on more subsequent flight legs.

- The level of propagation in the afternoon appears to be higher which suggests that airline efforts to mitigate delay propagation are higher in the morning than in the afternoon.

- The magnitude of sequences of reactionary delays after short delays is higher, because reactionary delays increase throughout the sequence due to further primary delays in block and ground phase.

- Looking at major European hubs, it was observed that they affect daily 30 to 50 other airports, but in terms of reactionary delays they mostly affect their own operations.

- Aircraft returning to the hub after one flight leg arrive with up to 50 percent of the original departure delay when leaving the hub airport.

Thesis: Jetzki, M. (2009) 'The propagation of air transport delays in Europe'

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